Ethics management in public sector includes managing activities of public administration through public service values, norms, standards. These values, norms and standard are often described as code of conduct and policies formulated to regulate behaviors and decisions of public officials or authorities.
In general,
· Public services should be value based but not interest based,
· Obeying and complying laws is not only the concern but application of values in service delivery in optimum level in important,
· Ethics teaches to differentiate what is good and what is bad; what is right and what is wrong.
Theories supporting ethics management
1. Constitutional Theory (Regime Theory)
Main concern of this theory is:
a. Ethics in optimum level is possible only in freedom i.e. liberty. Free and fair political setting, expression of views is possible only in condition of rule of law,
b. How the constitution grantees the freedom of people is basic foundation of ethics,
2. Citizenship Theory:
Main concern of this theory is:
a. Citizenship is the symbol or certificate of ownership of state,
b. Owner of citizenship is the authority to question,
c. People or citizens are the persons to decide right and wrong but not the public officials who decide on behave of citizens.
3. Public interest Theory
Main concern of this theory is:
a. Anything done on the favor of public interest is ethical, if it satisfies want of citizens,
b. There are certain universal values despite of any religion, culture, law, tradition which are public choice,
c. State should be like that where expression of choice is respected.
Need of Ethics in Public Sector:
· Administration or management is based on check and balance,
· When there was dichotomy between politics and administration , administration was checked and balanced by politics,
1. The demise of dichotomy between politics and administration i.e. check and balance by ethics,
2. Decision making practices (rationality and bounded rationality): deciding with limited information then bounded ratinal8ty evolves, where public interest may disappeared, i.e. whole essence of public interest may be minimized
3. Optimizing resources for larger sector of society then pleasing few,
4. Peoples' awareness
a. Whether the people are neutral, independent or not,
b. To establish ethical state
5. Public officials are to play the role and stewardship
a. The general role of public officials is to stewardship
b. But debate as steward of servant
c. However steward the right of general public
d. Their role should move form service to steward
6. Discretionary power
a. Rules, regulations cannot include all the daily life happenings so authorize to decide him on the spot.
b. Balancing these authority needs ethics,
c. As public service is permanent, government, so the political cadres on politics i.e. permanent politicians > these two aspects are highly important in balancing state system
7. Decentralization
a. Proper use of resources
b. from of thought
8. Multinational Setting
a. International interest of ethical administration
b. the mostly focus is on accountability of people
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